Movie Analysis of Secohand Lions - 981 Words

The movie, Secondhand Lions, is the story of a young boy (Walter) who is dropped off at the home of his two elderly uncles (Uncle Hub and Uncle Garth) by his single mother. There are rumors surrounding Uncle Hub and Uncle Garth’s past lives and speculation that they have millions of dollars hidden on their land. Relatives and strangers hope to find or inherit some of the cash. Both uncles are reluctant to have Walter at their home and view him as a nuisance. Uncle Garth beings to tell Walter tails of him and Hub’s adventures as young men serving in the French Foreign Lesion during World War I. Uncle Hub is a wild character, who seems to be desperately trying to hold onto his youth and prove that he is still as strong and capable as ever.†¦show more content†¦The public images of the elderly uncles are both positive and negative. There are negative terms used toward them like â€Å"geezer† and â€Å"grandpa†. Our society, at times, looks down on th e elderly and this attitude is being feed through the negative attitudes being portrayed in the movie. However, the positives outweigh the negatives. The spirit, strength and adventure of the uncles certainly shines through. The uncles are very adventures and they show that no matter what your age you can still have fun and enjoy life. More importantly, the knowledge and life experiences of the elderly should be learned from and passed onto the next generation. The central theme of the movie is that despite your age, you still have a something to offer and a job to do. The â€Å"secondhand lion† that uncle Garth bought for sport ended up protecting Walter from an attacker trying to find the uncles’ money. The uncles are like â€Å"secondhand lions† in that they are being called to care for young Walter and to be the male examples in his life. Once both uncles discover their new purpose in life, they become happier with their current stage of life. Uncle Hub and Uncle Garth are both in Erickson’s stage of Ego Integrity vs Despair (McLeod, 2013). They both are reflecting on their youth. They attempt to relive it through their antics of fighting, attempting to hunt a lion, retelling old war stories, and buying an airplane. They both

Essay about Overview Of The 14th Amendment - 1232 Words

In order to protect the diverse races in this country, a new amendment was passed giving every natural born American or anyone naturalized in the United States the right to protection of the laws. Meaning, people that fell into the expectations were granted citizenship and states could not deprive citizens of their rights and privileges. Not everyone was included in the 14th Amendment. Immigrants and especially Native Americans were excluded while whites and African Americans were included. During the Gilded age immigrants were coming into the country and the 14th Amendment did not apply to them. These people came for the opportunities that America could offer them, but the golden American dream was much less than they expected.†¦show more content†¦The foreigners were needed to keep making supplies to sell, but they were treated like enemies and looked down on. In her speech she openly spoke out about the officials not giving their workers the benefits they deserved. â€Å"Have your public officials any thought for the citizens of this State, or their condition?† (1912) The condition that many foreigners lived through were horrible not just the tenement housing, but looking at Jacob’s Riis’ photographs, young children can be seen with no shoes, working around dangerous machinery, and sleeping on the streets. At this time there were no child labor laws or work regulations a corporation had to follow. Out of all the immigrant groups there w as one group who was ostracized from the rest. An act was passed in America that would not allow Chinese immigrants into the country anymore. The main reason being because they could not assimilate the American culture. The Chinese Exclusion Act’s preamble discloses that â€Å"Chinese laborers to this country [endanger] the good order of certain localities within the territory.† (1882) These people were excluded from the rights of the amendment and of the Country itself. They were not seen as equal, but as different and the American society could not accept them. TheShow MoreRelatedA Report On A String Of Robberies1615 Words   |  7 Pages Scenario # 10 Overview- A string of robberies has been a trend in the town of Littletown. A few informants told the police that Eddie Snide is a possible suspect since he has been acting funny around everyone and seems to have money on him even though he has no job. One evening Snide was arrested for Loitering in a park. He was set bail of $200 since he had long capias history. He was unable to pay bail and was sent to jail. Since we was an unpopular figure in the community he feared harm in jailRead MorePolicy Project : Women s Rights1603 Words   |  7 PagesMorrison U.S. Government, Class B 8 January 2016 Policy Project Part 1: Women’s Rights Policy Analysis History The first public demand for the Constitutional Amendment of women’s rights began before the Civil War, however, the Amendment for it has still not been ratified in the United States Constitution. The introduction for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) began in 1848 with the Woman’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls. Over three hundred women and men met and eventually agreed that the resolution forRead MoreEssay on Should Abortion Be Determined by the State or the Mother?1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomework #2: History and overview of the Policy Issue Should Abortion be determined by the State or Mother? Abortion has been one of the most controversial topics in America. 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President Kennedy signed this law, and was the first to label this policy as affirmative action inRead MoreThe Decision, And Impact On Today s Criminal Justice System1024 Words   |  5 Pagesguilty by the court of law. We also have the US Supreme Court which helps up to maintain certain laws as well as to have these laws challenged by a higher court if there is probable cause if we think there was some form of violation to one of our Amendments rights (e.g., freedom of speech, Racial profiling). Not many countries or nations have this type of freedom. Therefore, we will take a look at one of the U.S. Supreme Court case (Gerald â€Å"Jerry† Gault) in regards to a juvenile right to consul. ThenRead MoreInstitutionalized Road Blocks On Addressing Climate Change1800 Words   |  8 Pagesto want to. 1. Why and How allowed The First section will cover the laws and methods of the industries interconnectedness with the government. First a look at the Supreme Court granting corporations 14th Amendment personhood rights allowing for equal protection, and extending those to 1st Amendment Free Speech Rights; which has in turn allowed for unlimited donations and lobbying funds to congress persons, executive agencies, and Supreme Court officials. The money corporations spend with the governmentRead MoreThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagesby the text. In other words, you are obviously free to breath in all the oxygen you can even though it is not explicitly stated. Our founding fathers also knew that time would bring forth change, so the national constitution is capable of further amendments. Its success lies in its simplicity, yet vague use of diction. In a perfect world, where world peace exists, there would be no need for rules or laws coming from a constitution since there would be no criminals, crooked politicians, or dirty cops;Read MoreHow Did the Indsutrial Development Un ite or Divide the North and the South?1434 Words   |  6 Pagessoon becoming the United States of America. After Lincoln’s death, three amendments were ratified that help America put back to place. The 13th amendment concluded that slavery was officially abolished . The 14th amendment granted â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States, â€Å"to be citizens which included former slaves that were freed . The 15th amendment granted African Americans the right to vote . These three amendment helped bit by bit to repair the United States. Even though today thereRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue1165 Words   |  5 Pagescategories listed above, there may be other reasons a woman chooses to abort the fetus. She may be forced to by a spouse, partner, or a parent. Another reason could be that the woman just simply did not want the baby and chose to abort it. Under the 14th amendment, abortion was legalized in 1973 during the Roe v.s. Wade case. Abortion was once commonly used as a method to limit the size of a family in the Greco- Roman era. During the 1900’s abortions were not a hot topic, unless the mother dies as a resultRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1411 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year† (Abortion Overview and History). It is the termination of a human pregnancy, which is often performed during the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. The topic of abortion seems to be a major issue in todays time. There are many people who are for it and many people who are against it. Religion has a lot to do with the side that people take on this issue. Many people see abortion as committing murder

Social Media on Society Free Essays

Facebook the world. Since the beginning social networking sites, like Facebook has attracted several types of users, and in most cases, these people have incorporated these websites into their daily practices. While some sites support existing relationships, others help creating new relationships in different interests such as political views, religious, activities or even just gaming! While supporting Facebook on society is beneficial, one can find several factors that go against it, such as cyber bulling. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media on Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, social networking provides society a lot of good tools, nonetheless people have taken social networking for granted. One of the main reasons and most popular because people use social networking sites is to keep in touch with friends and relatives while they are away. It aids the fact that several people who live away from their home receive continuous support from friends and people they communicate through Internet. According to a website article (ProCon. org, Page 2), 60 million of Americans received assistance with major life issues from people on their social network. â€Å"These people said social networking sites helped them connect with friends and experts who assisted on their decisions† (ProCon. rg, Page 2). With the technology developed by social networking, long distance communication has become much simpler and accessible to the average person; It has facilitated users to keep up with the face-to-face relationship with their friends and relatives. Not only does it facilitate the â€Å"virtual† contact between its users, but also it can be a technique to arrange personal m eetings for different purposes. Taking into account the features social networking offers, it is also considered as a very potential tool that has even substitute traditional methods of communication. It has helped people getting to know deeper statistics about certain general interest topics such as politics. One day before the last US presidential election, the Democratic candidate had more followers than the Republican candidate in most of the social networking sites such as Facebook, My space and Twitter (ProCon. org, Page 2 3). I believe that since the majority of people that join social networking sites are a young crowd, their decisions and opinions have a strong influence and have a very solid word out in the world referring to any topic, in this case political. When the Internet boom started years ago, many schools considered the Internet a â€Å"distraction† that was not really necessary. Beginning with scholars, social networking has been playing a very significant system on today’s education. Parents have claimed that their children have improved their writing, reading and conflict resolution skills, and learned how to express themselves better, and meet new students around the world (Cassel, Page1)( Procon. org, Page 2). By expanding the sources of information and feedback students have the ability of gathering more information and learn more about their interests. The fact that is very easy to communicate with their classmates through any chat or website makes their education fun and interactive. Incorporating social networking as a tool of learning, schools and different institutes have developed â€Å"safety policies† that protect users from any harm through Internet. Using social networking to enlarge your business opportunities is a great tool mostly used by young professionals. Getting into an unknown world in your career, young professionals see social networking as a guide and a way of easily targeting their interest in a professional level. Searching for a job or starting your own business requires exposing those services to several people in order to have success. With social networking professionals are a click away of letting the world know who they are and their services. It’s easier to tell your abilities to a large â€Å"virtual† group of people once, than having to tell capabilities one hundred times individually. It’s time consuming, and a time is money. Because of that and other reasons, social networking has been used as an advertisement method. Big, medium and small size companies are utilizing social networking to deliver to consumers their product and facilitate the access for further information about their services (Accardi, Page 20). Besides companies, people are taking advantage of the â€Å"marketplace† offered by social websites to advertise personal items and make a profit. Just like everything, social networking has its down side as well. It can influence people, especially teenagers, in a negative and/or destructive way. An average of time spent on social networking is 9 hours per day, which could be applied to more productive activities such as sports, and education (ProCon. org, Page 1). Over-communication drives users to the release of confidential and personal information that can be easily taken and manipulated by anyone. By displaying personal information opens doors to sexual predators, identity thieves, and cyber-bullying which can affect society in many aspects. â€Å"Department of Defense is considering a ban on social networking sites because of concerns over security threats and potential computer viruses† (ProCon. rg, Page 2). Even the government with all its security systems, has taken serious actions regarding social networking with their employees, and members to avoid any leak of information. Furthermore, companies are adopting this system of social networks to either recruit people or firing current employees. Social networking is also highlighted by the fact of joining group s of common interest. However, when people limit themselves to their interests only, they are preventing themselves of growth (Pagliarini, Page 1). Limiting yourself from acknowledging information in certain topics or groups could also isolate you from society that could benefit you intellectually and professionally. Another harmful aspect of social networking is that it could affect your health, specially children’s brain development as well as mental disorders. â€Å"My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment† (Cassel, Page 1). It has also been stated that the personal contact with people is healthier that looking at a screen. Having more direct contact with the world also benefits the quality of relationships we develop. Sometimes people focus more in the virtual method of networking, rather than the â€Å"non-virtual† and it separates people from actual physical networks that could end up in a good personal or business relationship. Social networking has an enormous impact on today’s society. Many believe that social networking is beneficial, others don’t. Having the opportunity to investigate more into social networking brought up to my attention that it can be very beneficial as long as we can control the web and the web doesn’t control us. The power of social networking is very capable of putting companies on top of the list, or leaving people out in the streets without a job. The ability of shorten distances between families and friends has been the number one use of social networking, unfortunately many individuals take advantage of social networking and start persecuting innocent people and creating harm to society. The benefits provided by social networking have made society and individuals become more productive and updated with today’s world technology. It’s a magnificent tool with a lot of good outcomes, a tool that in some cases is very costly for the wellness of society. Bibliography Cassel, David. http://tech. blorge. com/Structure:%20/2007/08/07/schoolboards-net-dangers-over-rated-bring-social-networks-to-school/. 07 August 2007. 14 September 2010. Pagliarini, Robert. www. moneywatch. bnet. com. 6 April 2009. 28 September 2010 . ProCon. org. â€Å"Social Networking ProCon. org. † 24 Septemeber 2010. Social Networking ProCon. org. 28 September 2010. How to cite Social Media on Society, Papers

Strategic Function of Organizations

Questions: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the scope, significance and legal framework of HRM in business organisations.2. Critically examine the factors affecting human motivation in business organisations and how motivation affects standards of performance.3. Analyse the causes of conflict and alienation at work and evaluate the methods of their resolution. Answers: Introduction: Human resource management regarded as a strategic function of organizations. Strategic human resource management reflects the process of linking the strategic objectives of the organization and the function of human resource management (Armstrong 2010). However, human resource strategy depends on companys mission and goals. In present time, majority of the organizations have to face lot of difficulties in retaining their employees for long time. As a result, many organizations fail to improve its business opportunity in the global market. Since, they are unable to retain their talented employees for a longer period. In order to retain employees for longer period, organizations will have to focus on two ingredients namely two-way communication and leadership style. From the case study, it can be assess that Frishco is presently facing huge amount of challenges in retaining their employees for a longer timeframe. However, the case study highlighted that Frishcos human resource department is focusing on constructing the structure of the organization to minimize the employee turnover problem. The HR department of the organization has been trying to enhance the engagement of the employees by introducing four steps including change in leadership, enhance communication, improving the organizational structure and living the brand values. In addition, HR department of Frishco is focusing on three easy steps including selection, recruitment and performance development to cover up all the factors related to employee turnover. 1. From the above case study, it can be assess that Frishcos values are British, Service, Luxury and Sensation. The HR management of Frishco believes that open and direct communication is one of the prime key that can have greater impact on the major components for developing healthy work environment where customers and employees will feel satisfied. Many studies have mentioned that employee satisfaction is the most important factor that influences employees to be associated with the organization for a longer time. Frishco has implemented different process for engaging with the employees to increase the satisfaction level. Selection and recruitment: Selection and recruitment process allows the company to engage with the potential employees. This process is very important, as it allows organization identify and recruit the best talent available in the market (Mondy and Mondy 2011). Frishco also have to attract new potential employees for improving the efficiency of the business in an appropriate manner. The higher management of Frishco think that bias recruiting process create huge amount of problems in recruiting skilled performers within the business. For that reason, Frishcos human resource management team focus on the transparent recruitment process for improving the opportunity of business. Performance: Performances of the employees are another key factor that can create huge amount of impact on the effectiveness of the businesses (Hancock et al. 2013) . Therefore, Frishcos management team is focusing on providing enough opportunities so that they can able to deliver excellent quality performance for the organization. In addition, Frishcos HR management will have to assess the performance level of the employees in order to recognize the best performers for the organization. Analyzing the performance level of the employees allows organization to provide performance appraisal for the deserving employees (Hom et al. 2012). Furthermore, it motivates the employees to give their best for the success of the organization. Frishcos HR management will also have to focus on providing different types of training and development program. Since, it can enhance the performance level of the employees. Furthermore, it improves the workflow process of the organization. Development: Career development is another key factor that organization will have to follow in order to keep their employees satisfied towards their work (Hausknecht and Holwerda 2013). Many studies have highlighted the fact that employees like to work on the company that provide enough opportunities to enhance the career. Therefore, Frishcos human resource management team also has to provide enough career development opportunities for their employees so that they can able to motivate themselves to give their best for the organization. Good quality managers: Managers hold the key in order to motivate their employees towards the organizational work. Particularly, line managers role is very important. Since, they directly communicate with the employees. Hence, it is necessary that line managers evaluate the major issues at the workplace that are reducing the satisfaction level of the employees (Stanley et al. 2013). The line managers will have to focus on many factors such as handling operational cost, monitoring the quality of the work done by employees, day-to-day employee management. Two-way communication: Communication is another major factor that can have greater impact on the retention of the customer. Therefore, Frishcos human resource management will have to develop transparent communication process among different level of the employees. Transparent communication process is necessary for keeping all the employees satisfied towards their work. Furthermore, transparent communication process encourages employees to share their views and ideas about different organizational issues. This is important not only to develop smooth workflow process but also motivate employees to give their best for the organization. Proper benefit and pay structure: In present competitive business environment, organizations have to provide lucrative benefit and salary for their employees. Since, proper benefit structure can have great impact in reducing turnover rate of the employees (Herman, Huang and Lam 2013). Furthermore, Frischcos human resource management team will have to provide other benefits for the employees so that they can remain satisfied towards their work. For instance, Frishco will have to provide proper reward for the high quality work. Frishco also have to provide benefits like health insurance so that employees can able to feel more satisfied and relax regarding their work. However, Frishco need to focus more on the HR policies and practices in order to enhance the performance level of the employees and also retain employees for longer period of time. 2. In the present competitive business environment, employee engagement has emerged as one of the major problem that every organization is facing in order to conduct their business properly. Engagement issue often creates difficulties in the organizational process that eventually reduces the profit level of the organization (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013). However, many organizations unable to solve the employee engagement issue due to ineffective HR management processes. The case study highlighted that Frishco is also facing lot of difficulties to implement effective workflow process due to low engagement rate of the employees. As a result, Frishco has failed to enhance its business in the world market. Furthermore, many studies have mentioned that low rate of employee engagement create negative impact on the job performances and morale of the employees. Many factors can have its impact on the low rate of employee engagement. These factors are as follows: Leadership style: Leadership style is one of the important factors that create negative impact on the employee engagement. Organizational culture has great influence on the leadership style. As per the article by Beardwell and Claydon (2010) leadership style has different types including autocratic, transactional, laissez-faire, participative and transformational. Therefore, organizations have to implement the right leadership style that will encourage employees to improve the engagement level of the organizations. In autocratic leadership style, management provides direction to the employees regarding the execution of the work. On the other hand, participative leadership style encourages employees to share their thoughts and believes about several complex organizational issues (Yang, Wan and Fu 2012). From the case study, it can be assess that Frishco utilize participative leadership style in order to gather as much information as possible that will help organization to improve its business process. This leadership style of Frishco has given several opportunities like mentoring coaching, talent spotting and support networks that eventually increase the effectiveness of the business process. Inconsistent style of management: It has been seen that inconsistent management style is not capable of measuring the business development. It is also obtained that inconsistency in the management style generate lot of difficulties for the companies to achieve objectives and goals of the business. Therefore, it creates difficulties in developing proper workflow process at the company (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2008). Therefore, Frishcos management team will have to capture feedbacks of the employee in order to develop the business further. Inconsistent management style often creates stress, confusion, high turnover and increase cost. Thus, it can be evaluated that the inconsistent management style is one of the major factor that unstable the business on the global platform. Ineffective communication: Ineffective communication is another factor that can increase the confusion level of the employees. Ineffective communication system often restricts the information to flow among different level of the organization (Katsikea, Theodosiou and Morgan 2015). Thus, Frishco will have to implement effective communication system so that it can able to evaluate different strategies of the organization. It will also help the company to outline the aim and future direction of the business. It will also help Frishco much effective day-to-day operational plans. Work life imbalance: In present competitive business environment, work life balance is one of the major factors that organizations have to consider in order to reduce the rate of employee turnover. In the absence of work life balance, employees often lose their motivation towards the work. In fact, it eventually influences the employees to give resignation and switch to another organization. Thus, Frishco will have to maintain proper work life balance so that the employees remains motivated towards their work, which will increase the engagement of the employees in the business. Motivational theories: Motivational theories have two parts process theories and content theories. Process theories signify the actual process of motivation. On the other hand, content theory highlighted on a particular factor that will motivates individual to give their best at the workplace. Content theories include Alderfer, Herzberg, McClelland and Maslow theory. Process theories include equity theory, expectancy theory, attribution theory and goal theory. Maslows theory: Maslows theory illustrated five different stages of basic human requirements that can enhance the motivational level of the employees. The stages are Physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem and Self-actualization needs. The theory highlighted that if organization failed to fulfill these needs, employees will not able to motivate themselves to give their best effort at the workplace. The first two stages focuses on the financial needs that organization has to fulfill to motivate their employees at the workplace. Third steps highlighted that employees have to provide with enough freedom so that they can able to share their thoughts and believes in an effective manner. The fourth step highlighted that every employee wants to be accepted by others in the organization. Self-actualization steps reflects situation where individuals evaluate their own potential in completing a particular task. Thus, Frishcos management team will have to fulfill all the mentions steps in the Maslows theory to motivate their employees in an effective manner. 3. Frishco can apply several strategies in order to enhance the engagement of the employees. Frishco need to implement survey process in order to understand the major factors that are forcing employees to left the organization. In order to improve the employee engagement and reduce employee turnover, organization will have to focus on two process including fair benefit structure and two way communication system. Fair benefit structure has the key role in enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees. As a result, it induces employees to give their best at the workplace so that the organization can able to meet its objectives. Thus, it will eventually create positive impact on the engagement level of the employees (AlBattat and Som 2013). Therefore, Frishcos human resource management team will have to implement similar pay structure for the employees working in the same designation. Otherwise, it can create disparities among the employees. Furthermore, HR management of Frishco will have to provide other benefits like recognition, reward so that employees remain associated with the organization for a longer time (Nouri, and Parker 2013). By introducing proper benefit structure, Frishcos management can easily motivate their employees to give their best at the workplace. Thus, it will help the organization to develop an effective workflow for the organization. However, before providing rewar d to a particular employee, Frishco will have to analyze the performance level of all the employees. Otherwise, it can create great amount of dissatisfaction among the employee (Price 2011). Furthermore, HR team will have to provide enough opportunity for the employees so that they can able to share their view and ideas about the benefit structure. Frishco will also have to give importance to the suggestion of the employees before implementing any changes in the benefit or pay structure. Two way communication system is another factor that Frishco have to consider in order to reduce the turnover rate of the employees. Since, it allows management to gather feedback and suggestion of the employees (Grissom, Nicholson-Crotty and Keiser 2012). Effective two way communication allows management to share any important business related information much more effectively. In addition, Frishco can achieve creative and vibrant workplace by developing effective communication within the organization. Frishco also have to ensure that the two way communication system is open to all the employees in order to diminish the possibility of any confusion. Furthermore, Frishco can implement day-to-day communication plan so that all the employees remain updated about any changes in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion it can be assessed that HR management team play a key role in developing perfect workplace for the employees. Maintaining proper atmosphere in the workplace is very important, as it can create huge amount of positive impact on achieving organizational objectives and goals. HR team is responsible in providing training to the selected employees so that they can able to fulfill the organizational objectives. On the other hand, HR team of the organization also have major role to play in reducing the turnover rate of the employees. In this case study, HR management team of Frishco has implemented different strategies in order to increase the engagement level of the employees. The HR management team of Frishco focuses on four major factors such as changing structure of the organization, improved communication system, living the brand values and change in the leadership styles. The management team of Frishco focuses on these factors, as it can create huge amount of impact in enhancing the engagement level of the employees. Moreover, Frishco has developed effective communication structure so that every employee in the organization can able to feel satisfied. This will eventually induce employees to keep associated with the organization. References: AlBattat, A.R.S. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. Employee dissatisfaction and turnover crises in the Malaysian hospitality industry.International Journal of Business and Management,8(5), p.62. Armstrong, M.(2010) Hand book of Human Resource Management Practice 12th edition: Kogan Page ltd. Beardwell, J., and Claydon T. (2010) Human Resource Management: a Contemporary Approach 6th edition Harlow: Pearson Education Limited Grissom, J.A., Nicholson-Crotty, J. and Keiser, L., 2012. Does my boss's gender matter? Explaining job satisfaction and employee turnover in the public sector.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Hancock, J.I., Allen, D.G., Bosco, F.A., McDaniel, K.R. and Pierce, C.A., 2013. Meta-analytic review of employee turnover as a predictor of firm performance.Journal of Management,39(3), pp.573-603. Hausknecht, J.P. and Holwerda, J.A., 2013. When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance.Organization Science,24(1), pp.210-225. Herman, H.M., Huang, X. and Lam, W., 2013. Why does transformational leadership matter for employee turnover? A multi-foci social exchange perspective.The Leadership Quarterly,24(5), pp.763-776. Hom, P.W., Mitchell, T.R., Lee, T.W. and Griffeth, R.W., 2012. Reviewing employee turnover: focusing on proximal withdrawal states and an expanded criterion.Psychological bulletin,138(5), p.831. Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M. and Morgan, R.E., 2015. Why people quit: Explaining employee turnover intentions among export sales managers.International Business Review,24(3), pp.367-379. Mondy, R., and Mondy, j. (2011) Human Resource Management 12th Global edition: Pearson Education Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Nouri, H. and Parker, R.J., 2013. Career growth opportunities and employee turnover intentions in public accounting firms.The British Accounting Review,45(2), pp.138-148. Price, A. (2011) Human Resource Management 4th edition: South Western Cengage Learning Stanley, L., Vandenberghe, C., Vandenberg, R. and Bentein, K., 2013. Commitment profiles and employee turnover.Journal of Vocational Behavior,82(3), pp.176-187. Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S.(2008) Human Resource Management 7th edition: Harlow Pearson Education Limited Yang, J.T., Wan, C.S. and Fu, Y.J., 2012. Qualitative examination of employee turnover and retention strategies in international tourist hotels in Taiwan.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), pp.837-848.

Strategic Function of Organizations

Questions: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the scope, significance and legal framework of HRM in business organisations.2. Critically examine the factors affecting human motivation in business organisations and how motivation affects standards of performance.3. Analyse the causes of conflict and alienation at work and evaluate the methods of their resolution. Answers: Introduction: Human resource management regarded as a strategic function of organizations. Strategic human resource management reflects the process of linking the strategic objectives of the organization and the function of human resource management (Armstrong 2010). However, human resource strategy depends on companys mission and goals. In present time, majority of the organizations have to face lot of difficulties in retaining their employees for long time. As a result, many organizations fail to improve its business opportunity in the global market. Since, they are unable to retain their talented employees for a longer period. In order to retain employees for longer period, organizations will have to focus on two ingredients namely two-way communication and leadership style. From the case study, it can be assess that Frishco is presently facing huge amount of challenges in retaining their employees for a longer timeframe. However, the case study highlighted that Frishcos human resource department is focusing on constructing the structure of the organization to minimize the employee turnover problem. The HR department of the organization has been trying to enhance the engagement of the employees by introducing four steps including change in leadership, enhance communication, improving the organizational structure and living the brand values. In addition, HR department of Frishco is focusing on three easy steps including selection, recruitment and performance development to cover up all the factors related to employee turnover. 1. From the above case study, it can be assess that Frishcos values are British, Service, Luxury and Sensation. The HR management of Frishco believes that open and direct communication is one of the prime key that can have greater impact on the major components for developing healthy work environment where customers and employees will feel satisfied. Many studies have mentioned that employee satisfaction is the most important factor that influences employees to be associated with the organization for a longer time. Frishco has implemented different process for engaging with the employees to increase the satisfaction level. Selection and recruitment: Selection and recruitment process allows the company to engage with the potential employees. This process is very important, as it allows organization identify and recruit the best talent available in the market (Mondy and Mondy 2011). Frishco also have to attract new potential employees for improving the efficiency of the business in an appropriate manner. The higher management of Frishco think that bias recruiting process create huge amount of problems in recruiting skilled performers within the business. For that reason, Frishcos human resource management team focus on the transparent recruitment process for improving the opportunity of business. Performance: Performances of the employees are another key factor that can create huge amount of impact on the effectiveness of the businesses (Hancock et al. 2013) . Therefore, Frishcos management team is focusing on providing enough opportunities so that they can able to deliver excellent quality performance for the organization. In addition, Frishcos HR management will have to assess the performance level of the employees in order to recognize the best performers for the organization. Analyzing the performance level of the employees allows organization to provide performance appraisal for the deserving employees (Hom et al. 2012). Furthermore, it motivates the employees to give their best for the success of the organization. Frishcos HR management will also have to focus on providing different types of training and development program. Since, it can enhance the performance level of the employees. Furthermore, it improves the workflow process of the organization. Development: Career development is another key factor that organization will have to follow in order to keep their employees satisfied towards their work (Hausknecht and Holwerda 2013). Many studies have highlighted the fact that employees like to work on the company that provide enough opportunities to enhance the career. Therefore, Frishcos human resource management team also has to provide enough career development opportunities for their employees so that they can able to motivate themselves to give their best for the organization. Good quality managers: Managers hold the key in order to motivate their employees towards the organizational work. Particularly, line managers role is very important. Since, they directly communicate with the employees. Hence, it is necessary that line managers evaluate the major issues at the workplace that are reducing the satisfaction level of the employees (Stanley et al. 2013). The line managers will have to focus on many factors such as handling operational cost, monitoring the quality of the work done by employees, day-to-day employee management. Two-way communication: Communication is another major factor that can have greater impact on the retention of the customer. Therefore, Frishcos human resource management will have to develop transparent communication process among different level of the employees. Transparent communication process is necessary for keeping all the employees satisfied towards their work. Furthermore, transparent communication process encourages employees to share their views and ideas about different organizational issues. This is important not only to develop smooth workflow process but also motivate employees to give their best for the organization. Proper benefit and pay structure: In present competitive business environment, organizations have to provide lucrative benefit and salary for their employees. Since, proper benefit structure can have great impact in reducing turnover rate of the employees (Herman, Huang and Lam 2013). Furthermore, Frischcos human resource management team will have to provide other benefits for the employees so that they can remain satisfied towards their work. For instance, Frishco will have to provide proper reward for the high quality work. Frishco also have to provide benefits like health insurance so that employees can able to feel more satisfied and relax regarding their work. However, Frishco need to focus more on the HR policies and practices in order to enhance the performance level of the employees and also retain employees for longer period of time. 2. In the present competitive business environment, employee engagement has emerged as one of the major problem that every organization is facing in order to conduct their business properly. Engagement issue often creates difficulties in the organizational process that eventually reduces the profit level of the organization (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013). However, many organizations unable to solve the employee engagement issue due to ineffective HR management processes. The case study highlighted that Frishco is also facing lot of difficulties to implement effective workflow process due to low engagement rate of the employees. As a result, Frishco has failed to enhance its business in the world market. Furthermore, many studies have mentioned that low rate of employee engagement create negative impact on the job performances and morale of the employees. Many factors can have its impact on the low rate of employee engagement. These factors are as follows: Leadership style: Leadership style is one of the important factors that create negative impact on the employee engagement. Organizational culture has great influence on the leadership style. As per the article by Beardwell and Claydon (2010) leadership style has different types including autocratic, transactional, laissez-faire, participative and transformational. Therefore, organizations have to implement the right leadership style that will encourage employees to improve the engagement level of the organizations. In autocratic leadership style, management provides direction to the employees regarding the execution of the work. On the other hand, participative leadership style encourages employees to share their thoughts and believes about several complex organizational issues (Yang, Wan and Fu 2012). From the case study, it can be assess that Frishco utilize participative leadership style in order to gather as much information as possible that will help organization to improve its business process. This leadership style of Frishco has given several opportunities like mentoring coaching, talent spotting and support networks that eventually increase the effectiveness of the business process. Inconsistent style of management: It has been seen that inconsistent management style is not capable of measuring the business development. It is also obtained that inconsistency in the management style generate lot of difficulties for the companies to achieve objectives and goals of the business. Therefore, it creates difficulties in developing proper workflow process at the company (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2008). Therefore, Frishcos management team will have to capture feedbacks of the employee in order to develop the business further. Inconsistent management style often creates stress, confusion, high turnover and increase cost. Thus, it can be evaluated that the inconsistent management style is one of the major factor that unstable the business on the global platform. Ineffective communication: Ineffective communication is another factor that can increase the confusion level of the employees. Ineffective communication system often restricts the information to flow among different level of the organization (Katsikea, Theodosiou and Morgan 2015). Thus, Frishco will have to implement effective communication system so that it can able to evaluate different strategies of the organization. It will also help the company to outline the aim and future direction of the business. It will also help Frishco much effective day-to-day operational plans. Work life imbalance: In present competitive business environment, work life balance is one of the major factors that organizations have to consider in order to reduce the rate of employee turnover. In the absence of work life balance, employees often lose their motivation towards the work. In fact, it eventually influences the employees to give resignation and switch to another organization. Thus, Frishco will have to maintain proper work life balance so that the employees remains motivated towards their work, which will increase the engagement of the employees in the business. Motivational theories: Motivational theories have two parts process theories and content theories. Process theories signify the actual process of motivation. On the other hand, content theory highlighted on a particular factor that will motivates individual to give their best at the workplace. Content theories include Alderfer, Herzberg, McClelland and Maslow theory. Process theories include equity theory, expectancy theory, attribution theory and goal theory. Maslows theory: Maslows theory illustrated five different stages of basic human requirements that can enhance the motivational level of the employees. The stages are Physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem and Self-actualization needs. The theory highlighted that if organization failed to fulfill these needs, employees will not able to motivate themselves to give their best effort at the workplace. The first two stages focuses on the financial needs that organization has to fulfill to motivate their employees at the workplace. Third steps highlighted that employees have to provide with enough freedom so that they can able to share their thoughts and believes in an effective manner. The fourth step highlighted that every employee wants to be accepted by others in the organization. Self-actualization steps reflects situation where individuals evaluate their own potential in completing a particular task. Thus, Frishcos management team will have to fulfill all the mentions steps in the Maslows theory to motivate their employees in an effective manner. 3. Frishco can apply several strategies in order to enhance the engagement of the employees. Frishco need to implement survey process in order to understand the major factors that are forcing employees to left the organization. In order to improve the employee engagement and reduce employee turnover, organization will have to focus on two process including fair benefit structure and two way communication system. Fair benefit structure has the key role in enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees. As a result, it induces employees to give their best at the workplace so that the organization can able to meet its objectives. Thus, it will eventually create positive impact on the engagement level of the employees (AlBattat and Som 2013). Therefore, Frishcos human resource management team will have to implement similar pay structure for the employees working in the same designation. Otherwise, it can create disparities among the employees. Furthermore, HR management of Frishco will have to provide other benefits like recognition, reward so that employees remain associated with the organization for a longer time (Nouri, and Parker 2013). By introducing proper benefit structure, Frishcos management can easily motivate their employees to give their best at the workplace. Thus, it will help the organization to develop an effective workflow for the organization. However, before providing rewar d to a particular employee, Frishco will have to analyze the performance level of all the employees. Otherwise, it can create great amount of dissatisfaction among the employee (Price 2011). Furthermore, HR team will have to provide enough opportunity for the employees so that they can able to share their view and ideas about the benefit structure. Frishco will also have to give importance to the suggestion of the employees before implementing any changes in the benefit or pay structure. Two way communication system is another factor that Frishco have to consider in order to reduce the turnover rate of the employees. Since, it allows management to gather feedback and suggestion of the employees (Grissom, Nicholson-Crotty and Keiser 2012). Effective two way communication allows management to share any important business related information much more effectively. In addition, Frishco can achieve creative and vibrant workplace by developing effective communication within the organization. Frishco also have to ensure that the two way communication system is open to all the employees in order to diminish the possibility of any confusion. Furthermore, Frishco can implement day-to-day communication plan so that all the employees remain updated about any changes in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion it can be assessed that HR management team play a key role in developing perfect workplace for the employees. Maintaining proper atmosphere in the workplace is very important, as it can create huge amount of positive impact on achieving organizational objectives and goals. HR team is responsible in providing training to the selected employees so that they can able to fulfill the organizational objectives. On the other hand, HR team of the organization also have major role to play in reducing the turnover rate of the employees. In this case study, HR management team of Frishco has implemented different strategies in order to increase the engagement level of the employees. The HR management team of Frishco focuses on four major factors such as changing structure of the organization, improved communication system, living the brand values and change in the leadership styles. The management team of Frishco focuses on these factors, as it can create huge amount of impact in enhancing the engagement level of the employees. Moreover, Frishco has developed effective communication structure so that every employee in the organization can able to feel satisfied. This will eventually induce employees to keep associated with the organization. References: AlBattat, A.R.S. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. Employee dissatisfaction and turnover crises in the Malaysian hospitality industry.International Journal of Business and Management,8(5), p.62. Armstrong, M.(2010) Hand book of Human Resource Management Practice 12th edition: Kogan Page ltd. Beardwell, J., and Claydon T. (2010) Human Resource Management: a Contemporary Approach 6th edition Harlow: Pearson Education Limited Grissom, J.A., Nicholson-Crotty, J. and Keiser, L., 2012. Does my boss's gender matter? Explaining job satisfaction and employee turnover in the public sector.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Hancock, J.I., Allen, D.G., Bosco, F.A., McDaniel, K.R. and Pierce, C.A., 2013. Meta-analytic review of employee turnover as a predictor of firm performance.Journal of Management,39(3), pp.573-603. Hausknecht, J.P. and Holwerda, J.A., 2013. When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance.Organization Science,24(1), pp.210-225. Herman, H.M., Huang, X. and Lam, W., 2013. Why does transformational leadership matter for employee turnover? A multi-foci social exchange perspective.The Leadership Quarterly,24(5), pp.763-776. Hom, P.W., Mitchell, T.R., Lee, T.W. and Griffeth, R.W., 2012. Reviewing employee turnover: focusing on proximal withdrawal states and an expanded criterion.Psychological bulletin,138(5), p.831. Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M. and Morgan, R.E., 2015. Why people quit: Explaining employee turnover intentions among export sales managers.International Business Review,24(3), pp.367-379. Mondy, R., and Mondy, j. (2011) Human Resource Management 12th Global edition: Pearson Education Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Nouri, H. and Parker, R.J., 2013. Career growth opportunities and employee turnover intentions in public accounting firms.The British Accounting Review,45(2), pp.138-148. Price, A. (2011) Human Resource Management 4th edition: South Western Cengage Learning Stanley, L., Vandenberghe, C., Vandenberg, R. and Bentein, K., 2013. Commitment profiles and employee turnover.Journal of Vocational Behavior,82(3), pp.176-187. Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S.(2008) Human Resource Management 7th edition: Harlow Pearson Education Limited Yang, J.T., Wan, C.S. and Fu, Y.J., 2012. Qualitative examination of employee turnover and retention strategies in international tourist hotels in Taiwan.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), pp.837-848.

Market Words free essay sample

For example, based on a mutual agreement on price without state intervention in the form of regulation, subsidies, and taxes. In financial markets, free markets stocks are securities that are traded and prices are not affected by availability. Also, in foreign-exchange markets, it is a market where exchange rates are not controlled by the government and thus rise and drop freely though supply and demand for currently. Historically, no nation actually had an authentic form of a free-market economy. With that being said, it is purely a theoretical concept. However, given contemporary usage by economists such as Canada, Hong Kong Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland are noninsured to be among the Free economies as of 2014. Lastly, when a free money economy spins out of control, the disadvantages can be extremely severe. For example, the Great Depression of the sasss to the real estate market crash of 2008, market failures has negatively affected the lives of millions Of Americans in homelessness, unemployment, and lost income. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Laissez-fairer represents the following axioms such as, the individual is the basic unit in society, the individual has a natural right to freedom, the physical order of nature is harmonious and self-regulating system, and corporations re creatures of the State and therefore must be watched closely by the citizenry due to their propensity to disrupt the order. It is interesting that Adam Smith does not us this term in his work. Smith introduced a similar term however more radical and detailed than the basic term of Laissez-fare known as let us be. Adam smith was making an argument that when government protects individuals freedom and this is classical liberalism. Adam smith viewed the economy as a natural system and market as part of the system. Smith viewed laissez as a moral program, and the market its instrument to ensure men the rights of natural law. Smith believed laissez- fairer that the program was for the abolition of laws constraining the market, a program for the publishing of order and the potential growth. Smith utilized the metaphor invisible hand in his books to describe the unintentional effects of economic self-organization from economic self-interest.Comparing corporation to other business structures is important because they may be significant differences such as sole proprietorships and partnerships, the reparation is less simple to maintain and establish. To establish the corporation the incorporation must file articles of incorporation with the secretary of states office in the state which it will be inco rporated, as well hold a meeting to elect a board of directors. In various jurisdictions corporations, whose shareholders benefit from limited liability, are required to write yearly financial statements and other important information regarding the corporation.This structure also require the shareholders to lose some privacy in return for limited liability. Secondly, this structure of business has various pros which I will explain in the following. One of the most interesting advantages of the corporate structure is the protection of personal assets. Directors, officers, and stockholders of a corporation are typically not liable for the companys debt and responsibilities. Limited liability is only the amount they have invested in the corporation. Also, the corporation does not shut down due to the death of any shareholders, directors, or officers of the corporation. Lastly, another benefit of the reporter structure is that specifically in the United States, corporations are generally taxed at a lower rate than individuals. Darnings influence is far from limited to only science. His work influenced a wide range of topics such as political and economic issues. Natural selection is based on a very simple concept: some characteristic are better for survival than others, and so are going to grow into the population. As soon as Darwin proposed his theory, people started trying to apply it to different types of human relations.Natural election was typically used to reinforce existing ideas and prejudices by adding a scientific justification. Darnings theory of natural selection was seized upon as scientific proof that competition was natures method for improving the world. Herbert Spencer, who supported some of Darnings work, established the the survival Of the fittest which soon became a slogan for unrestrained and economic competition. The trouble with applying natural selection to economic relations is that the goal of capitalist is to create a monopoly, at which point competition and evolution cease.Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States. Their work in this modern day covers looking over wages, working conditions, and benefits. Labor unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal levels. Generally, it is to ensure that workers were not taken advantage of however now its more to maintain quality of labor and safety to workers. Also, to prevent unskilled or unqualified workers from walking into a position and taking over one elder by a higher paying, more skilled worker.

Free Essays on Columbus Day

An Extra Day Off Sounds Nice â€Å"It is only radical or currently unfashionable ideas that the texts leave out- it is all ideas, including those of their heroes.† (FitzGerald) USF does not recognize a major holiday. A lot of schools do not recognize this holiday. This upsets and disappoints me. The holiday that I am speaking of is Columbus Day. My barber shop is not open, neither is my favorite liquor store. Why is my school still open? The reason is simply because many people see Christopher Columbus as a tyrant and do not think we should observe this holiday. If we are going to celebrate Presidents Day and Independence Day then why not celebrate Columbus Day. Our country can kill and it is justified, and Columbus killed yet it is some how frowned upon. I believe we need to respect and show thanks to the man that lead to our founding as country. Christopher Columbus set sail for the East Indies in the year 1492. â€Å"Columbus outfitted three pitifully small ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, and set forth from Spain.† (Lowen 39) This shows that Columbus did not set off on an easy voyage. It shows that we need to look at the hardships he went through to bring the new world to Spain. Whether or not he killed, raped, and pillaged the people he came across in the new world he still made it there and brought the news back to Spain. That is reason enough to respect and give thanks to him for me. I certainly would not have the guts to set sail into the unknown to find something that I might not reap the full benefits of. Some say, â€Å"Columbus did not even know for certain where he was going. Evidence says he was seeking Japan, India, and Indonesia.† (Loewn 55) This does not matter. Who cares where he thought he was going. He found a new land that had not been discovered and that land is the land where millions reside. People say if Columbus did not bring this news back to Spain someone else would have. That I agree wit... Free Essays on Columbus Day Free Essays on Columbus Day An Extra Day Off Sounds Nice â€Å"It is only radical or currently unfashionable ideas that the texts leave out- it is all ideas, including those of their heroes.† (FitzGerald) USF does not recognize a major holiday. A lot of schools do not recognize this holiday. This upsets and disappoints me. The holiday that I am speaking of is Columbus Day. My barber shop is not open, neither is my favorite liquor store. Why is my school still open? The reason is simply because many people see Christopher Columbus as a tyrant and do not think we should observe this holiday. If we are going to celebrate Presidents Day and Independence Day then why not celebrate Columbus Day. Our country can kill and it is justified, and Columbus killed yet it is some how frowned upon. I believe we need to respect and show thanks to the man that lead to our founding as country. Christopher Columbus set sail for the East Indies in the year 1492. â€Å"Columbus outfitted three pitifully small ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, and set forth from Spain.† (Lowen 39) This shows that Columbus did not set off on an easy voyage. It shows that we need to look at the hardships he went through to bring the new world to Spain. Whether or not he killed, raped, and pillaged the people he came across in the new world he still made it there and brought the news back to Spain. That is reason enough to respect and give thanks to him for me. I certainly would not have the guts to set sail into the unknown to find something that I might not reap the full benefits of. Some say, â€Å"Columbus did not even know for certain where he was going. Evidence says he was seeking Japan, India, and Indonesia.† (Loewn 55) This does not matter. Who cares where he thought he was going. He found a new land that had not been discovered and that land is the land where millions reside. People say if Columbus did not bring this news back to Spain someone else would have. That I agree wit...

Ch 10 Boeing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ch 10 Boeing - Case Study Example Various factors both internal and external lead to this downfall of Boeing in late 90’s and early this decade. Boeing has now managed to strike gold again with Dreamliner while Airbus stumbled. But both were troubled by poor outsourcing strategies. This essay tries to address factors during this phase. One of the main reasons for Boeing’s downfall was the financial problems in Asia which lead numerous orders being cancelled and postponed. Boeing took a very long time to anticipate the impact of economic conditions in Asia. If Boeing had anticipated the negative impact of Asian economy sooner, it could have prevented some of the problems that it confronted. It could have been well prepared and managed its production more intelligently which would help in avoiding losses. Boeing’s top management messed up big time and made disastrous calculations in the late 1990’s which caused huge losses to the company. They were too blind to look beyond their traditional strategy and were adamant to maintain the 60% market share. After their poor show the top management should have been fired and new management that would bring in fresh ideas should have been hired. This would help the company to attack the problem in a different way and come up with a better strategy. â€Å"Management worries too much about Airbus, and to hell with the stockholders†.

Navigation app for iOS Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Navigation app for iOS - Literature review Example This framework is designed to work with the newly introduced M7 coprocessor that is dedicated to handle motion sensors without reducing the battery performance of the device. It gives the developers accurate data about the users, which they can later make use of in their applications. For example, a developer can find out whether the device is currently with an individual who is in the act of walking, or with someone who is travelling in an automobile etc, without actually processing the accelerometer’s data. Core Motion Framework provides answers to such questions through constants defined by the classes of framework. â€Å"Now Core Motion has been around since iOS 4.0, but the iOS 7 includes the new classes needed to access data from the M7. The two main classes used here are CM Motion Activity Manager and CM Motion Activity. These two classes work hand in hand to make work the motion activity updates† (Graves 2014: 1). Most iPhones contain an accelerometer and 3 axes Gyroscope built into them, which provide the device with 6 operational axes when used together. This axis data and motion data populated by the M7 co processor could be used along with Map kit or any other third party Map API to create great navigation apps. The gyroscope data as well as gravity sensor data are also used for building motion sensitive gaming-applications. Various class references of Core Motion framework include â€Å"CMAttitude, CMAccelerometerData, CMDeviceMotion, CMGyroData, CMLogItem, CMMagnetometerData, and CMMotionManager† (Aguinaga 2013: 9). The Map Kit framework is used for embedding custom maps into iOS application windows. The 5.1 version and the previous ones basically made use of Google Maps API for displaying the maps through the MapKit framework. â€Å"This framework also provides support for annotating the map, adding overlays, and performing reverse-geocoding lookups to determine placemark information for a given map

Critical thinking essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking 2 - Essay Example While water scarcity has always been a source of concern around the world, it had never got so much attention from the governments. But today, economies have begun preparing themselves for a water crisis and the Middle East which is one of the most poorly endowed regions in terms of water is faced with formidable task of providing clean and safe drinking water to its growing populations. What is challenging about the water scenario in the Middle East is the power it holds on economies and governments. In fact, countries here are divided and ranked on the basis of those who can manage to pay for access to or the creation of new sources of water and those who do not have the pecuniary prowess to do so. Conflict here is invoked not because water is not accessible but because it is not equally accessible. Water is extremely important for human survival but given its inequitable distribution in the Middle East, there is a mad scramble by governments to control and possess whatever they can get their hands on. For example, in the Upper Nile Basin, the Ethiopian government planned to build dams to secure its water supply for irrigation which was strongly opposed by the Sudanese and Egyptian governments because once a dam is constructed on a river it not only reduces the flow of water to downstream users but can also cause harm by affecting soil and water qualities downstream. Similarly, in the Euphrates Basin, the Southeast Anatolia Development Project (Dam) is causing much tension by benefiting Turkey but exhausting the water supply to Syria and Iraq and polluting the soil there. Conflict over water is not just about possession, it also has a lot to do with the modifications to the quality and quantity of the resource. Like Abu Saeed of Jiftlick Popular Committee points out in the Documentary, Jordan Valley Blues, â€Å"The Israeli side has done a good job stealing water by drilling deep into the aquifers specifically in many

Focuses of school based instructional supervision

Focuses of school based instructional supervision A further sub-problem in the study was to explore participants perceptions about the focuses of school-based instructional supervision. This section reports the findings regarding the focuses of school-based instructional supervision based on questionnaire and interview data. Questionnaire Findings Twenty-two statements describing the focuses of instructional supervision were listed in each questionnaire instrument (Appendices A and B). The statements addressed the following major aspects regarding instructional supervision focuses: (a) organization of lessons, (b) subject matter, (c) pupils academic development, (d) school curriculum, (e) lesson plan, (f) pupils individual inquiry, (g) teaching guides, (h) course objectives, (i) teachers personality, (j) pupils character development, (k) pupils progress records, (k) records of work covered, (1) teachers dress and appearance, (m) pupils sense of responsibility, (n) instructional course, (o) teachers questioning style, (p) classroom management, (q) extracurricular activities, (r) pupils performance in national examinations, (s) teacher self-evaluation, and (t) teacher-pupil relationship. For details about specific statements regarding supervision focuses, see Appendixes A and B. The respondents were requested to indicate their existing and preferred extent of examination of each aspect by making choices from given alternatives ranging from 1 (never examined) to 5 (very frequently examined). The percentage and frequency distributions as well as mean scores and standard deviations were determined for each of the focuses. The findings on teachers perceptions of the focuses of school-based instructional supervision are presented in this section in terms of existing and preferred frequency of examination of the focuses. I have included only the focuses that ranked highest and lowest in terms of frequency of examination as perceived by teachers. Teachers perceptions of the frequency of examination of existing and preferred focuses of school-based instructional supervision were explored (Appendix D, Table 3.1). The focuses have been ranked from highest to lowest frequency of examination based on mean responses for existing and preferred focuses of school-based instructional supervision (see Table 3.2). The data collected suggest that availability of properly organized pupils progress records ranked first in terms of existing frequency of examination, teachers concern with pupils performance in national examinations ranked second, and availability of up-to-date weakly record of work covered ranked third (Appendix D, Table 3.2). At the other extreme, three focuses ranked lowest in terms of existing frequency of examination: teachers dress and appearance, teachers use of teaching aids, and the manner in which the teacher asks questions in the class (Appendix D, Table 3.2). In terms of preferred frequency of examination, the focus that ranked first was teachers concern with pupils performance in national examinations, followed by availability of properly organized pupils progress records, and, finally, availability of up-to-date weekly record of work covered (Appendix D, Table 3.2). The focuses that ranked lowest in terms of preferred frequency of examination included preparation of an appropriate lesson plan, the manner in which the teacher asks questions in the class, and teachers dress and appearance (Appendix D, Table 3.2). Based on t-test analyses, there were significant differences at the 0.001 level between teachers perceptions of the frequency of examination of existing and preferred focuses of school-based instructional supervision. In general, teachers preferred that the focuses of school-based instructional supervision presented in this study be examined more frequently than was currently being done. Interview Findings Interviews with teachers, headteachers, and education officers indicated five major themes relative to focuses of school-based instructional supervision: (a) curriculum and instruction, (b) student success, (c) teacher performance, (d) teachers artifacts of teaching, and (e) human relations. Curriculum and Instruction Three headteachers cited three focuses of instructional supervision that are primarily concerned with curriculum and instruction: (a) teachers attendance to scheduled lessons, (b) teachers participation in extracurricular activities, and (c) syllabus coverage by the teacher. One teacher, in a general remark, stated as follows: I think it is important to check on attendance of teachers to their scheduled lessons or to their participation in extracurricular activities with pupils. Headteachers should also make sure that teachers cover the syllabuses in good time to prepare students for external exams. Student Success Two teachers agreed that instructional supervisors should endeavor to find out how teachers assess their pupils work. They argued that the various strategies that teachers use to assess students progress will determine how students are prepared for national examinations. As one teacher remarked, It would be helpful to know teachers assess their pupils academic work because this is important for students success in the national examinations. Teacher Performance Another area regarding the focuses of school-based instructional supervision cited by four interviewees was concerned with teacher performance in the classroom. These participants agreed that, to facilitate teaching and learning, the teachers level of preparedness and general effectiveness in teaching should be the major focuses of the supervision of instruction. As one education officer commented, The best thing to do is for supervisors to address areas like effectiveness of their classroom teachers and how they are prepared to teach. Teachers Artifacts of Teaching One headteacher observed that teachers teaching artifacts, such as examination and test papers, should be addressed during supervision process. This headteacher remarked, Instructional supervisors should check the quality of examination and test papers set by teachers because these are important teaching tools that would shape students success in the final examinations. Do they set high quality papers which can promote learning? Human Relations A final area relating to focuses of instructional supervision mentioned by some interviewees was concerned with human relations. One education officer noted that how teachers interact with students should be considered in the practices of instructional supervision and that the teacher-pupil relationship should be a major focus of instructional supervision. Another education officer commented, When you are supervising a teacher, for example in the classroom, you must look at how the teacher interacts with pupils. This interaction is important because it will affect learning. In general, the focuses of school-based instructional supervision cited by interviewees concur with high-ranking focuses relative to the existing and preferred extent of examination by the teacher from the questionnaire data. Synthesis and Discussion of School-based instructional supervision Focuses The findings relating to teachers perceptions of existing and preferred frequency of examination of the focuses of school-based instructional supervision revealed by questionnaire data indicate that three focuses received the highest ranking in both existing and preferred frequency of examination: (a) availability of properly organized pupils progress records, (b) availability of up-to-date weekly record of work covered, and (c) teachers concern with pupils performance in national examinations. Similarly, one focus-the manner in which the teacher asks questions in the class-received the lowest ranking in both existing and preferred frequency of examination as perceived by teachers. The findings from the interview data revealed the following focuses of school-based instructional supervision: (a) teachers attendance to scheduled classes, (b) teachers preparedness, (e) teachers methods of assessment of pupils academic progress, (f) quality of test papers set by the teacher, (g) syllabus coverage by the teacher, (h) teachers participation in extracurricular activities, and (i) teacher-pupil relationship. Indicators of Teacher Preparation The three focuses of school-based instructional supervision that received the highest ranking in terms of existing and preferred frequency of examination by the headteacher- availability of properly organized pupils records, availability of up-to-date records of work covered, and teachers concern with pupils performance in national examinations-were particularly interesting because, in Saudi Arabia, the three focuses are among the indicators of teachers preparedness for effective teaching that the Ministry of Education expects headteachers to ensure. As explained by Saudi Arabian Ministry of Education (1998) headteachers, as managers of approved school curriculum, are expected to ensure that teachers prepare comprehensive tools of work, such as lesson plans and weekly records of work done, and check periodically pupils exercise books, practical work, assignments, and continuous assessment to ensure regular marking and systematic use in guiding learners. Teachers Concern with Pupils Performance Teachers concern with pupils performance in national examinations is an important aspect of Saudi Arabias education system, which seems to put a great deal of emphasis on passing of examinations. As Babtain (2004) noted, the overloaded system of education imposes cut-throat competition among schools, where learners are pushed to cut down others in national examinations, and forces teachers to be busy all year round as they struggle to complete the curriculum. To facilitate students success in national examinations, as noted by Ibrahim (2000), teachers are expected to develop and transmit desired knowledge, skills, and attitudes to pupils, it is hoped, through instructional supervision. Teachers Attendance to Scheduled Classes Teachers attendance to scheduled lessons is an important focus in school-based instructional supervision because it facilitates curriculum implementation. Highlighting the role of the school head as a manager of the school, Hassan (1998) observed that the headteacher should ensure regular teaching of subjects to implement the school curriculum effectively. Teacher attendance to scheduled lessons is a major issue in the Saudi Arabian education system because numerous cases of student unrest in the recent past have been attributed to teachers failure to attend scheduled lessons. For example, Mahmoud (2004), commenting about student protest in one school cited lessons missing as one of the reasons for the student strike that paralyzed the school and led to its closure. Similarly, Attari (2005) cited teachers boycott of scheduled classes as a major reason for the indefinite closure of the school and the temporary removal of students from the school. Teachers attendance to scheduled classes is linked to six other related focuses of school-based instructional supervision revealed by the interview data: (a) teachers presence in the school, (b) teachers effectiveness in the classroom, (c) teachers level of preparedness, (d) teachers methods of assessment of pupils academic progress, (e) quality of test papers set by the teacher, and (f) syllabus coverage by the teacher, because they are all concerned with facilitating effective and quality curriculum implementation in the school. In the Saudi Arabian context, as explained in the Education Act (Saudi Arabia, 1980), curriculum means all the subjects taught and all the activities provided at school, and may include the time devoted to each subject and activity (p. 4), and syllabus means a concise statement of the contents of a course of instruction in a subject or subjects (p. 5). To facilitate curriculum implementation, in particular, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education (1998) has unde rscored the role of the headteacher in supervising the school curriculum to ensure effective teaching and learning. And Mohammed (2002) has concluded that the quality of curriculum implementation and management may determine student performance in external and school-based examinations. Practices of School-based instructional supervision A further sub-problem in the study was concerned with the perceptions of participants regarding the practices of school-based instructional supervision. This section reports the findings relating to the practices of school-based instructional supervision based on questionnaire and interview data. Sixteen statements describing the practices of school-based instructional supervision as conducted by headteachers were listed in each teacher instrument (Appendices A and B). The statements covered the following major aspects relating to the practices of instructional supervision: (a) conducting teaching, (b) evaluating teachers work, (c) providing information about supervisory process, (d) reducing teachers anxieties regarding supervisory program, (e) collecting information about teachers, (f) pre-observation conferencing, (g) using examination results to indicate teacher performance, (h) interviewing students about teacher performance, (i) conferencing with teachers about classroom practice, (j) encouraging self-evaluation, (k) improving instructional quality, (1) writing supervisory reports, (m) providing supervisory feedback, (n) post-observation conferencing, (o) identifying areas of instructional improvement, and (p) rewarding deserving teachers. For details regarding specific statements about the practices of instructional supervision, see Appendices A and B. The respondents were requested to indicate their preferences for existing and preferred importance given to each practice by making choices from given alternatives ranging from 1 (no importance) to 5 (great). The percentage and frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations were determined for each practice. The data obtained from teachers, headteachers, and education officers relative to the practices of school-based instructional supervision are reported in Appendix D, Tables 4.1 and 4.2. This section reports the findings relating to teachers perceptions regarding the practices of school-based instructional supervision in terms of the importance they attach to the practices. Only the practices that received the highest and lowest rankings as perceived by teachers have been reported. Teachers responses relative to existing and preferred importance of practices of school-based instructional supervision were explored, as were comparisons between the existing and the preferred means and standard deviations of the practices of school-based instructional supervision as perceived by teachers (Appendix D, Tables 4.1). The practices have been ranked from highest to lowest based on the mean responses relating to existing and preferred practices (Appendix D, Table 4.2). Encouraging teachers to evaluate their own teaching (i.e., self-evaluation; n=256) ranked first in order of importance as existing practice, followed by using examination/test results as indicators of teacher performance (n=254; see Appendix D, Table 4.2). Setting up specific sessions with teachers to discuss how teaching should be conducted (n=256) and recognizing and rewarding excellent teachers (n=256) formed a cluster in third position in order of importance as existing practices. At the other end, the practices that received the lowest ranks as existing practices included (a) writing supervisory reports for different audiences (n=250), (b) conducting conferences soon after observing teachers (n=248), and (c) meeting with teachers prior to classroom observation (n=250; see Appendix D, Table 4.2). Regarding preferred practices, recognizing and rewarding excellent teachers (n=256) ranked first in order of importance, encouraging teachers to evaluate their own teaching (i.e., self-evaluation; n=256) ranked second, and providing teachers with an adequate amount of information to become familiar with the supervisory process (n=256) ranked third (Appendix D, Table 4.2). The least preferred practices in order of importance were (a) meeting with teachers prior to classroom observation (n=250), (b) writing different supervisory reports for different audiences, and (c) obtaining information from students about their teachers performance through face-to-face interview (n=252; see Appendix D, Table 4.2). Based on t-test analyses, there were significant differences at both the 0.05 and 0.001 levels between teachers perceptions of existing and preferred practices of school-based instructional supervision, except for one practice, holding face to-face interviews with teachers to obtain information about their classroom practice. In general, teachers preferred that more importance be attached to practices of school-based instructional supervision listed in the instrument than was currently the case. Interview Findings Teachers, headteachers, and education officers interviewed cited the following practices of school-based instructional supervision that they had experienced: (a) checking teachers professional tools of work or artifacts of teaching, such as schemes of work, records of work covered, lesson notes, lesson plans, lesson-focus books, mark books, daily preparation books, and part test papers; (b) examining students exercise books; (c) using students to obtain information about teachers; (d) holding conferences with teachers; (e) observing teachers in their classrooms; and (f) supervision by walking around. Frequency distributions of teachers, headteachers, and education officers regarding their mention of practices of school-based instructional supervision were also synthesized from the interview data (Appendix D, Table 4.3). Eleven teachers, four headteachers/deputy headteachers, and three education officers interviewed mentioned checking teachers tools of work or artifacts of teaching, especially schemes of work and records of work covered, as an important practice of school-based instructional supervision in the schools (Appendix D, Table 4.3). Also, six teachers, three headteachers/deputy headteachers, and two education officers agreed that holding conferences with teachers was one of the practices of school-based instructional supervision. Furthermore, two teachers, three headteachers/deputy headteachers, and two education officers identified observing teachers in their classrooms as one of the practices of school-based instructional supervision. However, a few teachers and headteachers interviewed reported that classroom observation, in particular, was not a common practice in their schools. As one headteacher commented: Visiting teachers in their classrooms to see how they teach is very difficult in our situation. And most teachers resent it so much, and personally I dont think I have done it. I dont think it is a practice. You know how it can be taken. In most cases, those who have attempted it have met with a lot of negativity. It is like you want to find faults from the teacher. Teachers fear it most. Three teacher interviewees concurred that there were no supervisory reports on teachers written by headteachers, to the best of their knowledge. As one teacher remarked, Once teachers have been supervised by the headteacher by whatever means, no supervisory reports are made, not at the school level. Maybe the headteacher would have his or her own reports. The interviewees also gave least emphasis to practices such as examination of students exercise books and using student leaders, commonly referred to as prefects, to obtain information about teachers. As one education officer stated, But I dont think we need children to write anything about teachers for us to know whether or not teachers are on duty. Synthesis and Discussion of Practices of School-based instructional supervision The findings regarding the practices of school-based instructional supervision based on the questionnaire data revealed that recognizing and rewarding excellent teachers was ranked highest by teachers as existing and preferred supervisory practice, whereas writing different supervisory reports for different audiences received low ranking as existing and preferred practice. The interview findings revealed six major practices of school-based instructional supervision: (a) checking teachers artifacts of teaching, (b) examining students exercise books, (c) using students to obtain information about teachers, (d) holding conferences with teachers, and (e) observing teachers in their classrooms. Recognizing and Rewarding Deserving Teachers That recognizing and rewarding excellent teachers ranked highest is noteworthy because it seems to be a viable strategy for motivating teachers, especially when the recognition is initiated by the headteacher as an instructional leader. This finding supports Sergiovannis (2001) belief that one of the school principals responsibilities is to build and to nurture motivation and commitment to teaching and that when teaching is rewarding professionally, teachers are likely to keep improving their effectiveness. The importance of recognizing and rewarding teachers has also been supported elsewhere. For example, Hallinger and Murphy (1985) observed that setting up a work structure that rewards and recognizes teachers for their efforts was an important part of the principals role in creating a positive learning climate. In the Saudi Arabian context, as explained by Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education (1998), the headteachers proper management, especially in recognizing excellent performance, may facilitate high morale, motivation, integrity, and appropriate work ethics. Artifacts of Teaching The practices of school-based instructional supervision revealed by the interview data were also observed. For example, checking teachers artifacts of teaching or tools of work is important in Saudi Arabian schooling because it is concerned with teachers preparedness to teach classes. Whereas the Ministry of Education (1987) expects classroom teachers to prepare artifacts of teaching, it is the responsibility of the headteacher and heads of departments, especially, to ensure that such items are actually prepared appropriately and to check their relevance to the intended subjects. Furthermore, as the Ministry of Education explained, heads of departments, in particular, are responsible for maintaining a record of work of the subjects to be completed weekly by all subject heads. Questionnaire and Interview Findings Compared A comparison of questionnaire and interview findings regarding the practices of school-based instructional supervision revealed some interesting similarities. For example, the practice that ranked lowest in both existing and preferred extent of examination as perceived by teachers-writing different supervisory reports for different audiences-was also viewed by some interviewees as being nonexistent Also, the practice of obtaining information from students about their teachers performance through face-to-face interviews, which received relatively low ranking in both existing and preferred extent of examination as perceived by teachers, was also considered inappropriate by some teachers and education officers interviewed. I can speculate that this practice was perhaps common especially in schools where feedback from students regarding teacher performance was productive. However, several views in the literature supported the involvement of students in evaluation of teachers. For example, Stronge and Ostrander (1997) argued that, because students are the primary consumers of teachers services and have direct knowledge about classroom practices on a regular basis, they are in a key position to provide information about teacher effectiveness. Whereas the questionnaire data indicated that meeting with teachers especially prior to classroom observation ranked lowest in order of importance as existing and preferred practice as perceived by teachers, the interview data indicated that holding conferences with teachers was prevalent in schools. I can speculate that conferencing with teachers was not a popular practice in many schools.

Importance of Setting in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Ey

The Importance of Setting in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte. The story takes place in the mid 1800’s in a variety of settings.   The first setting is Gateshead Hall, the second is Lowood School, the third is Thornfield Hall, followed by Moor House, and ending when Jane reaches Ferndean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first place Jane stays is Gateshead Hall.   While at Gateshead, Jane is treated unfairly and is punished for things she did not do.   After the death of Jane’s parents, her uncle, Mr. Reed, brought Jane into his house.   On her uncle’s deathbed, Mr... ...HESIS SENTENCE IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH THAT SUMMARIZES FOR YOUR READERS WHAT THE VARIOUS LOCATIONS WILL MEAN TO JANE IN THE NOVEL*** ***TOO FREQUENT A USE OF THE WORD â€Å"THEN† ***VERB TENSE IS NOT CONSISTENT THROUGHOUT THE PAPER** ***MAKE SURE TO USE COMMAS WHERE NEEDED, SUCH AS AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE***

Deviance: Sociology and Strain Theory

â€Å"Deviance in sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules (e. g. , crime) as well as informal violations of social norms. † People consider an act to be a deviance act because of the three sociological theories: control theory, labeling theory and strain theory. It deeply reflected in the movie called â€Å"Menace II Society†. Control theory. Portrayed in this movie, there are 2 control systems working against our motivations to deviate. Inner controls (things inside you that stop you from deviating- morals, religious beliefs, conscience).O-Dog consistently goes to kill some guys with Caine, but Caine doesn’t intend to kill anyone, just to scare them. Caine says â€Å" I never killed anyone because I didn’t see the reason to kill. † There was also many outer controls (things outside of you that stop you from deviating- parents, police, the law) portrayed in this movie. The stro nger our bonds, connections with society, the more effective our inner controls. Bonds based on attachments, commitments, involvements, and beliefs. Caine is unable to control himself due to the badly influenced bond or connection with the society.There was a party in his house when he was very young, his parents sold and did drugs. When Caine sneaked out of his house and talked to people (his parent’s friends) he learned how to hold gun and drink. His mother caught him and tells him to go back to the house. But never really told him why it was bad. He and his parents didn’t have a strong bond because they weren’t able to control themselves either. After Caine grew up there was a time when he was charged as an adult, but the authorities lessen the charge to joyriding and let him go after linking him to the liquor store killings but failing to prove his involvement.He later buys a stolen Ford Mustang from a car shop and robs a youth at a fast-food drive through f or his new wheel rims, chains, and pager. Caine admits in the end of the movie that he wishes he had made better decisions, but now it was too late to correct them. His final thoughts, given in voiceover, are: â€Å"I had done too much to turn back, and I had done too much to go on. I guess, in the end, it all catches up with you. My grandpa asked me one time if I care whether I live or die. Yeah, I do. And now it's too late. If he had stronger and good bonding with his grandfather who he describes him as â€Å"a biblical man† he would have been able to control himself. And wouldn’t have end up dead. Labeling theory. The labels that people are given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, leading to conformity or deviance (labels can be good or bad)Most people resist the negative labels others try to give us, however, if we hear that we a thug long enough, we may finally accept that label and start living as a thug. Black race is the most stereotyped out of many races.Due to being consistently stereotyped they really become who they are being stereotyped as. In the starting of this movie The Korean storekeeper and his wife watch them suspiciously, and O-Dog rails against them. As O-Dog is finished paying and is about to leave the store with Caine, the shopkeeper tells, â€Å"I feel sorry for your mother. † O-Dog takes offense and shoots the Korean storekeeper and his wife, taking the video surveillance tape of the shooting before he and Caine flee. O-Dog keeps the tape and entertains his friends by showing it to them, and there is talk of a copy being made for others in the neighborhood to watch.Also Caine and Sharif are beaten by racist policemen without any reason and left in Mexican gang territory, apparently with the expectation that the Mexicans will further assault them. The Mexicans take them to a hospital instead. Strain theory is a strive to reach cultural goals of wealth and success. Some experience strain (frus tration) when they can’t get those goals, feel anomie (disconnect), turn to deviance to try to reach the goals (ex. – you want a nice car, but can’t get a legit job to earn enough to buy it.. So steal one instead) Caine sells cocaine.He explains how he has learned through O-Dog how to survive in the streets while Mr. Butler told him how to survive in good. Caine’s parents have been living the same way as Caine did. His parents did cocaine and other kinds of drugs in order to make the living such as Caine. Also while Harold and Caine are waiting in traffic, a van pulls up next to them, and they are carjacked at gunpoint. Harold is slow to surrender his wallet and jewelry, so the carjacker shoots. This is the way that ghettos live. They do not work or neither try to work. Through many racism, stereotype, and they way they were raised and taught.Deviance act seems to be greatly influenced by nurturing and environment. In this movie I felt like deviance occur s because controlling theory, labeling theory, and strain theory. Through lack of controls of parents, racial stereotyping, learning the survival through an in proper way have influenced people, they have become uncontrollable in themselves, even though they know doing drugs, killing people are wrong they were never taught the seriousness of doing and selling drugs and killing people. It shows in the last part of the movie when Caine says â€Å" I wish I haven’t done the things that I have done. †